Order 2, rule 4 of Civil Procedure Rules : Matters which must be specifically pleaded
(1) A party shall in any pleading subsequent to a plaint plead specifically any matter, for example performance, release, payment, fraud, inevitable accident, act of God, any relevant Statute of limitation or any fact showing illegality—
(a) which he alleges makes any claim or defence of the opposite party not maintainable;
(b) which, if not specifically pleaded, might take the opposite party by surprise; or
(c) which raises issues of fact not arising out of the preceding pleading.
(2) Without prejudice to subrule (1), a defendant to an action for the recovery of land shall plead specifically every ground of defence on which he relies, and a plea that he is in possession of the land by himself or his tenant shall not be sufficient. (3) In this r. “land” includes land covered with water, all things growing on land, and buildings and other things permanently affixed to land.
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- Order 2, rule 5 - Matter may be pleaded whenever arising
Subject to rules 3 (1) and 6, a party may in any pleading plead any matter which has arisen at any time, whether before or since the filing of the plaint.
- Order 2, rule 6 - Departure
(1) No party may in any pleading make an allegation of fact, or raise any new ground of claim, inconsistent with a previous pleading of his in the same suit.
(2) Subrule (1) shall not prejudice the...
- Order 2, rule 7 - Particulars in defamation actions
(1) Where in an action for libel or slander the plaintiff alleges that the words or matters complained of were used in a defamatory sense other than their ordinary meaning, he shall give particulars...
- Order 2, rule 8 - Particulars of evidence in mitigation
In an action for libel or slander in which the defendant does not by his defence assert the truth of the statement complained of, the defendant shall not be entitled at the trial to give evidence in...
- Order 2, rule 9 - Points of law
A party may by his pleading raise any point of law.
- Order 2, rule 10 - Particulars of pleading
(1) Subject to subrule (2), every pleading shall contain the necessary particulars of any claim, defence or other matter pleaded including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing—...
- Order 2, rule 11 - Admissions and denials
(1) Subject to subrule (4), any allegation of fact made by a party in his pleading shall be deemed to be admitted by the opposing party unless it is traversed by that party in his pleading or a...
- Order 2, rule 12 - Denial by joinder of issue
(1) If there is no reply to a defence, there is a joinder of issue on that defence.
(2) Subject to subrule (3)—
(a) there is at the close of pleadings a joinder of issue on the pleading last...
- Order 2, rule 13 - Close of pleadings
The pleadings in a suit shall be closed fourteen days after service of the reply or defence to counterclaim, or, if neither is served, fourteen days after service of the defence, notwithstanding that...
- Order 2, rule 14 - Technical objection
No technical objection may be raised to any pleading on the ground of any want of form.
- Order 2, rule 15 - Striking out pleadings
(1) At any stage of the proceedings the court may order to be struck out or amended any pleading on the ground that—
(a) it discloses no reasonable cause of action or defence in law; or
(b) it is...
- Order 2, rule 16 - Pleading to be signed
Every pleading shall be signed by an advocate, or recognised agent (as defined by Order 9, rule 2), or by the party if he sues or defends in person.
- Order 2, rule 17 - Proceedings in rem
An application under section 25(2) of the Government Proceedings Act (Cap. 40) may be made at any time before trial or during the trial.
- Order 3, rule 1 - Commencement of suit and case track allocation
(1) Every suit shall be instituted by presenting a plaint to the Court, or in such other manner as may be prescribed.
(2) The claim shall indicate at the heading the choice of track; namely “small...
- Order 3, rule 2 - Documents to accompany suit
All suits filed under rule 1(1) including suits against the government, except small claims, shall be accompanied by—
(a) the affidavit referred to under Order 4 rule1(2);
(b) a list of witnesses...
- Order 3, rule 3 - Register of civil suits and filing
(1) A register of suits, to be called the register of civil suits, shall be kept at every registry; and the particulars of every suit filed in a registry shall be entered in the register and all such...
- Order 3, rule 4 - Suit to include the whole claim
(1) Every suit shall include the whole of the claim which the plaintiff is entitled to make in respect of the cause of action; but a plaintiff may relinquish any portion of his claim.
(2) Where a...
- Order 3, rule 5 - Joinder of causes of action
(1) Save as otherwise provided, a plaintiff may unite in the same suit several causes of action against the same defendant or the same defendants jointly; and any plaintiffs having causes of action in...
- Order 3, rule 6 - Only certain claims to be joined with a suit for recovery of immovable property
No cause of action shall, except with the leave of the court, be joined with a suit for the recovery of immovable property, except—
(a) claims for mesne profits or arrears of rent in respect of the...
- Order 3, rule 7 - Claims by or against executor, administrator or heir
No claim by or against an executor or administrator, as such, shall be joined with claims by or against him personally, unless the last-mentioned claims are alleged to arise with reference to the...
- Order 3, rule 8 - Power of court to order separate trials
Where it appears to the court that any causes of action joined in one suit cannot be conveniently tried or disposed of together, the court may either on the application of any party or of its own...
- Order 3, rule 9 - Declaratory judgment
No suit shall be open to objection on the ground that a merely declaratory judgment or order is sought thereby, and the court may make a binding declaration of right whether any consequential relief...
- Order 4, rule 1 - Particulars of plaint
(1) The plaint shall contain the following particulars—
(a) the name of the court in which the suit is brought;
(b) the name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff, and an address...
- Order 4, rule 2 - Money suit
(1) Where the plaintiff seeks the recovery of money, the plaint shall state the precise amount claimed, except where the plaintiff sues for mesne profits, or for an amount which will be found due to...
- Order 4, rule 3 - Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property
Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property, the plaint shall contain a description of the property sufficient to identify it.
- Order 4, rule 4 - Capacity of parties
Where the plaintiff sues in a representative capacity the plaint shall state the capacity in which he sues and where the defendant is sued in a representative capacity the plaint shall state the...
- Order 4, rule 5 - Defendant’s interest and liability to be shown
The plaint shall show that the defendant is or claims to be interested in the subject matter, and that he is liable to be called upon to answer the plaintiff’s demand.
- Order 4, rule 6 - Statement of relief claimed
Every plaint shall state specifically the relief which the plaintiff claims, either specifically or in the alternative, and it shall not be necessary to ask for costs, interest or general or other...
- Order 4, rule 7 - Relief founded on separate grounds
Where the plaintiff seeks relief in respect of several distinct claims or causes of action founded upon separate and distinct grounds, they shall be stated as far as may be, separately and distinctly....
- Order 4, rule 8 - Copies of plaint
The plaintiff shall present as many copies of the plaint as there are defendants.
- Order 4, rule 9 - Return of plaint
(1) The plaint may at any stage of the suit be returned to be presented to the court in which the suit should have been instituted.
(2) On returning a plaint the judge shall endorse thereon the date...
- Order 5, rule 1 - Issue of summons
(1) When a suit has been filed a summons shall issue to the defendant ordering him to appear within the time specified therein.
(2) Every summons shall be signed by the judge or an officer appointed...
- Order 5, rule 1 - Issue of summons
(1) When a suit has been filed a summons shall issue to the defendant ordering him to appear within the time specified therein.
(2) Every summons shall be signed by the judge or an officer appointed...
- Order 5, rule 2 - Duration and renewal of summons
(1) A summons (other than a concurrent summons) shall be valid in the first instance for twelve months beginning with the date of its issue and a concurrent summons shall be valid in the first...
- Order 5, rule 3 - Service on a corporation
Subject to any other written law, where the suit is against a corporation the summons may be served—
(a) on the secretary, director or other principal officer of the corporation; or
(b) if the...
- Order 5, rule 4 - Concurrent summons
(1) One or more concurrent summonses may, at the request of the plaintiff, be issued at the time when the original summons is issued or at any time thereafter before the original summons ceases to be...
- Order 5, rule 5 - Delivery or transmission of summons for service
(1) Where the court has issued summons to a defendant, the summons may be delivered for service—
(a) to any person for the time being duly authorized by the court;
(b) to an advocate, or...
- Order 5, rule 6 - Mode of service
Service of the summons shall be made by delivering or tendering a duplicate thereof signed by the judge, or such officer as he appoints in this behalf, and sealed with the seal of the court.
- Order 5, rule 7 - Service on several defendants
Save as otherwise prescribed, where there are more defendants than one, service of the summons shall be made on each defendant.
- Order 5, rule 8 - Service to be on defendant in person or on his agent
(1) Wherever it is practicable, service shall be made on the defendant in person, unless he has an agent empowered to accept service, in which case service on the agent shall be sufficient.
(2) A...
- Order 5, rule 9 - Mode of service on the Government
(1) The provisions of this Order shall have effect subject to section 13 of the Government Proceedings Act (Cap. 40), which provides for the service of vdocuments on the Government for the purpose of...
- Order 5, rule 10 - Service on agent by whom defendant carries on business
(1) In a suit relating to any business or work against a person who does not reside within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the court from which the summons is issued, service on any manager or...
- Order 5, rule 11 - Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property
Where, in a suit to obtain relief respecting, or compensation for wrong to, immovable property, service cannot be made on the defendant in person, it may be made on an agent of the defendant empowered...
- Order 5, rule 12 - Service on agent or adult
Where in any suit, after a reasonable number of attempts have been made to serve the defendant, and defendant cannot be found, service may be made on an agent of the defendant empowered to accept...
- Order 5, rule 13 - Person served to sign acknowledgment
Where a duplicate of the summons is duly delivered or tendered to the defendant personally or to an agent or other person on his behalf, the defendant or such agent or other person shall be required...
- Order 5, rule 14 - Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service or cannot be found
Where the serving officer, after using all due and reasonable diligence, cannot find the defendant, or any person on whom service can be made, the serving officer shall affix a copy of the summons on...
- Order 5, rule 15 - Affidavit of service
(1) The serving officer in all cases in which summons has been served under any of the foregoing rules of this Order shall swear and annex or cause to be annexed to the original summons an affidavit...
- Order 5, rule 16 - Examination of serving officer
On any allegation that a summons has not been properly served, the court may examine the serving officer on oath, or cause him to be so examined by another court, touching his proceedings, and may...
- Order 5, rule 17 - Substituted service
(1) Where the court is satisfied that for any reason the summons cannot be served in accordance with any of the preceding rules of this Order, the court may on application order the summons to be...
- Order 5, rule 18 - Service on defendant in prison
Where the defendant is confined in a prison, the summons shall be served on him personally in the presence of the officer in charge of the prison.