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• Article 56 - Minorities and marginalised groups.
  

  The State shall put in place affirmative action programmes designed toensure that minorities and marginalised groups— (a) participate and are represented in governance and other spheres of life; (b)...

• Article 57 - Older members of society.
  

  The State shall take measures to ensure the rights of older persons—(a) to fully participate in the affairs of society; (b) to pursue their personal development; (c) to live in dignity and respect...

• Article 58 - State of emergency.
  

  (1) A state of emergency may be declared only under Article 132 (4) (d) andonly when— (a) the State is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster or other public...

• Article 59 - Kenya National Human Rights and Equality Commission.
  

  (1) There is established the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality Commission. (2) The functions of the Commission are— (a) to promote respect for human rights and develop a culture of human...

• Article 60 - Principles of land policy.
  

  (1) Land in Kenya shall be held, used and managed in a manner that is equitable, efficient, productive and sustainable, and in accordance with the following principles— (a) equitable access to...

• Article 61 - Classification of land.
  

  (1) All land in Kenya belongs to the people of Kenya collectively as a nation, as communities and as individuals. (2) Land in Kenya is classified as public, community or private.

• Article 62 - Public land.
  

  (1) Public land is— (a) land which at the effective date was unalienated government land as defined by an Act of Parliament in force at the effective date; (b) land lawfully held, used or occupied...

• Article 63 - Community land.
  

  1) Community land shall vest in and be held by communities identified on the basis of ethnicity, culture or similar community of interest. (2) Community land consists of— (a) land lawfully...

• Article 64 - Private land.
  

  Private land consists of — (a) registered land held by any person under any freehold tenure; (b) land held by any person under leasehold tenure; and (c) any other land declared private land under...

• Article 65 - Landholding by non-citizens.
  

  (1) A person who is not a citizen may hold land on the basis of leaseholdtenure only, and any such lease, however granted, shall not exceed ninety-nine years. (2) If a provision of any agreement,...

• Article 66 - Regulation of land use and property.
  

  (1) The State may regulate the use of any land, or any interest in or right over any land, in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, or land use...

• Article 67 - National Land Commission.
  

  (1) There is established the National Land Commission. (2) The functions of the National Land Commission are— (a) to manage public land on behalf of the national and county governments; (b) to...

• Article 68 - Legislation on land.
  

  Parliament shall— (a) revise, consolidate and rationalise existing land laws; (b) revise sectoral land use laws in accordance with the principles set out in Article 60(1); and (c) enact...

• Article 69 - Obligations in respect of the environment.
  

  (1) The State shall— (a) ensure sustainable exploitation, utilisation, management and conservation of the environment and natural resources, and ensure the equitable sharing of the accruing...

• Article 70 - Enforcement of environmental rights.
  

  (1) If a person alleges that a right to a clean and healthy environment recognised and protected under Article 42 has been, is being or is likely to be, denied, violated, infringed or threatened,...

• Article 71 - Agreements relating to natural resources.
  

  (1) A transaction is subject to ratification by Parliament if it— (a) involves the grant of a right or concession by or on behalf of any person, including the national government, to another person...

• Article 72 - Legislation relating to the environment.
  

  Parliament shall enact legislation to give full effect to the provisions of thisPart.

• Article 73 - Responsibilities of leadership.
  

  (1) Authority assigned to a State officer— (a) is a public trust to be exercised in a manner that— (i) is consistent with the purposes and objects of this Constitution; (ii) demonstrates respect...

• Article 74 - Oath of office of State officers.
  

  Before assuming a State office, acting in a State office, or performing any functions of a State office, a person shall take and subscribe to the oath or affirmation of office, in the manner and form...

• Article 75 - Conduct of State officers.
  

  (1) A State officer shall behave, whether in public and official life, in privatelife, or in association with other persons, in a manner that avoids— (a) any conflict between personal interests and...

• Article 76 - Financial probity of State officers.
  

  (1) A gift or donation to a State officer on a public or official occasion is a gift or donation to the Republic and shall be delivered to the State unless exempted under an Act of Parliament. (2)...

• Article 77 - Restriction on activities of State officers.
  

  (1) A full-time State officer shall not participate in any other gainful employment. (2) Any appointed State officer shall not hold office in a political party. (3) A retired State officer who is...

• Article 78 - Citizenship and leadership.
  

  (1) A person is not eligible for election or appointment to a State office unless the person is a citizen of Kenya. (2) A State officer or a member of the defence forces shall not hold...

• Article 79 - Legislation to establish the ethics and anti-corruption commission.
  

  Parliament shall enact legislation to establish an independent ethics andanti-corruption commission, which shall be and have the status and powers of a commission under Chapter Fifteen, for purposes...

• Article 80 - Legislation on leadership.
  

  Parliament shall enact legislation— (a) establishing procedures and mechanisms for the effective administration of this Chapter; (b) prescribing the penalties, in addition to the penalties referred...

• Article 81 - General principles for the electoral system.
  

  The electoral system shall comply with the following principles—(a) freedom of citizens to exercise their political rights under Article 38; (b) not more than two-thirds of the members of elective...

• Article 82 - Legislation on elections.
  

  (1) Parliament shall enact legislation to provide for— (a) the delimitation by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission of electoral units for election of members of the National Assembly...

• Article 83 - Registration as a voter.
  

  (1) A person qualifies for registration as a voter at elections or referenda if the person— (a) is an adult citizen; (b) is not declared to be of unsound mind; and (c) has not been convicted of an...

• Article 84 - Candidates for election and political parties to comply with code of conduct.
  

  In every election, all candidates and all political parties shall complywith the code of conduct prescribed by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.

• Article 85 - Eligibility to stand as an independent candidate.
  

  Any person is eligible to stand as an independent candidate for election ifthe person— (a) is not a member of a registered political party and has not been a member for at least three months...

• Article 86 - Voting.
  

  At every election, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commissionshall ensure that— (a) whatever voting method is used, the system is simple, accurate, verifiable, secure, accountable and...

• Article 87 - Electoral disputes.
  

  (1) Parliament shall enact legislation to establish mechanisms for timely settling of electoral disputes. (2) Petitions concerning an election, other than a presidential election, shall befiled...

• Article 88 - Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.
  

  (1) There is established the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. (2) A person is not eligible for appointment as a member of the Commission ifthe person— (a) has, at any time within...

• Article 89 - Delimitation of electoral units.
  

  (1) There shall be two hundred and ninety constituencies for the purposes of the election of the members of the National Assembly provided for in Article 97(1) (a). (2) The Independent Electoral and...

• Article 90 - Allocation of party list seats.
  

  (1) Elections for the seats in Parliament provided for under Articles 97(1)(c) and 98(1)(b), (c) and (d), and for the members of county assemblies under 177(1)(b) and (c), shall be on the basis of...

• Article 91 - Basic requirements for political parties.
  

  (1) Every political party shall— (a) have a national character as prescribed by an Act of Parliament; (b) have a democratically elected governing body; (c) promote and uphold national...

• Article 92 - Legislation on political parties.
  

  Parliament shall enact legislation to provide for— (a) the reasonable and equitable allocation of airtime, by State-owned and other specified categories of broadcasting media, to political parties...

• Article 93 - Establishment of Parliament.
  

  (1) There is established a Parliament of Kenya, which shall consist of theNational Assembly and the Senate. (2) The National Assembly and the Senate shall perform their respective functions in...

• Article 94 - Role of Parliament.
  

  (1) The legislative authority of the Republic is derived from the people and, at the national level, is vested in and exercised by Parliament. (2) Parliament manifests the diversity of the nation,...

• Article 95 - Role of the National Assembly.
  

  (1) The National Assembly represents the people of the constituencies and special interests in the National Assembly. (2) The National Assembly deliberates on and resolves issues of concern to...

• Article 96 - Role of the Senate.
  

  (1) The Senate represents the counties, and serves to protect the interests of the counties and their governments. (2) The Senate participates in the law-making function of Parliament by...

• Article 97 - Membership of the National Assembly.
  

  (1) The National Assembly consists of— (a) two hundred and ninety members, each elected by the registered voters of single member constituencies; (b) forty-seven women, each elected by the...

• Article 98 - Membership of the Senate.
  

  (1) The Senate consists of— (a) forty-seven members each elected by the registered voters of the counties, each county constituting a single member constituency; (b) sixteen women members who...

• Article 99 - Qualifications and disqualifications for election as member of Parliament.
  

  (1) Unless disqualified under clause (2), a person is eligible for election as a member of Parliament if the person— (a) is registered as a voter; (b) satisfies any educational, moral and ethical...

• Article 100 - Promotion of representation of marginalised groups.
  

  Parliament shall enact legislation to promote the representation in Parliament of— (a) women; (b) persons with disabilities; (c) youth; (d) ethnic and other minorities; and marginalised...

• Article 101 - Election of members of Parliament.
  

  (1) A general election of members of Parliament shall be held on the second Tuesday in August in every fifth year. (2) Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of a member of the National Assembly...

• Article 102 - Term of Parliament.
  

  (1) The term of each House of Parliament expires on the date of the next general election. (2) When Kenya is at war, Parliament may, by resolution supported in each Houseby at least two-thirds of...

• Article 103 - Vacation of office of member of Parliament.
  

  (1) The office of a member of Parliament becomes vacant— (a) if the member dies; (b) if, during any session of Parliament, the member is absent from eight sittings of the relevant House without...

• Article 104 - Right of recall.
  

  (1) The electorate under Articles 97 and 98 have the right to recall the member of Parliament representing their constituency before the end of the term of the relevant House of Parliament. (2)...

• Article 105 - Determination of questions of membership.
  

  (1) The High Court shall hear and determine any question whether— (a) a person has been validly elected as a member of Parliament; or (b) the seat of a member has become vacant. (2) A question under...